Pregnancy Week 28
Pregnancy Week 28
What to expect on pregnancy week 28
Pregnancy Week 28 marks the beginning of the third trimester. The eyelids can partially open, the nervous system continues maturing, breathing movements develop, body fat increases and fetal growth continues as the final trimester begins.
Pregnancy Week 28 Overview
Eyebrows and eyelashes have grown in as well as some hair on the top of the head. The baby can open its eyes and blink, and can probably see light if you shine something bright onto your stomach. The baby is a bit over two pounds and is gaining body fat and muscle tone.
You should have gained a total of 17-24 pounds at this stage in your pregnancy and you may be experiencing leg cramps, itchiness, swelling, heartburn, and other aches and pains. Some women at this stage also have hemorrhoids.
Understanding Pregnancy Week 28
Pregnancy Week 28 is an important milestone because it marks the beginning of the third trimester.
ACOG defines the third trimester as beginning at 28 weeks and 0 days and continuing through 40 weeks and 6 days.
During the third trimester, fetal weight increases substantially and the organs continue maturing in preparation for life after birth.
The NHS estimates the fetus at approximately 37.6 centimeters from head to heel, roughly the size of an aubergine.
Mayo Clinic estimates a Week 28 fetus at approximately 1,000 grams, or 2¼ pounds.
Important Clarification About the Original Week 28 Guide
Your original Week 28 information has been preserved exactly above. Several statements benefit from current medical context.
Eyebrows and Eyelashes Are Already Developed
The original guide says eyebrows and eyelashes have grown in.
This is broadly consistent with fetal development, although Mayo Clinic places formed eyebrows and eyelashes specifically at Week 26.
By Week 28 they remain present and continue maturing along with the rest of the face.
Scalp Hair Development Is Gradual
Fine scalp hair has been developing for several weeks.
Mayo Clinic identifies visible scalp hair around Week 22, while ACOG notes that more noticeable head hair can be present later in the third trimester.
Hair amount varies significantly between fetuses.
The Eyelids Can Partially Open at Week 28
This part of the original guide has strong current support.
Mayo Clinic states that at Pregnancy Week 28 the eyelids can partially open.
ACOG places the ability of the eyelids to open and close within the Weeks 25 through 28 developmental period.
Seeing Bright Light Is More Complex
The original guide says the fetus can probably see light if something bright is shone onto the abdomen.
The visual system is still immature at Week 28.
ACOG more specifically places the ability of the eyes to sense changes in light during Weeks 29 through 32.
Mayo Clinic later highlights pupil responses to light around Week 33.
A Weight Slightly Above Two Pounds Is Reasonable
The original guide describes the fetus as a bit over two pounds.
Mayo Clinic gives a Week 28 estimate of approximately 2¼ pounds, or 1,000 grams.
ACOG gives a broader month-based estimate of nearly 2½ pounds by the end of Week 28.
These are approximate reference values, not exact individual targets.
Body Fat Continues Increasing
The original reference to increasing body fat is well supported.
ACOG notes that during Weeks 25 through 28 the skin begins looking smoother as more fat is added.
This process continues throughout the third trimester.
17 to 24 Pounds Is Not a Universal Week 28 Maternal Weight Target
The original maternal guide gives a total gain of 17 to 24 pounds.
Current guidance does not recommend one Week 28 weight-gain number for everyone.
Recommended pregnancy weight gain depends in part on prepregnancy BMI, whether you are carrying one fetus or multiples and your individual health circumstances.
For someone who began pregnancy at a healthy BMI, ACOG describes a general second- and third-trimester rate of approximately one-half to one pound per week.
Pregnancy Week 28 Starts the Third Trimester
The third trimester begins at 28 weeks and 0 days according to ACOG.
This final trimester is characterized by increasing fetal weight and continued maturation of major organs.
The lungs, nervous system, brain, eyes and other tissues still have important development ahead.
Fetal body weight increases substantially during the final trimester.
The nervous system and brain continue becoming more sophisticated.
The lungs continue preparing for breathing after birth.
Additional fat gradually produces a fuller fetal appearance.
How Big Is the Fetus at Pregnancy Week 28?
The NHS gives a Week 28 fetal measurement of approximately 37.6 centimeters from head to heel.
That is roughly comparable to an aubergine.
Mayo Clinic uses crown-to-rump measurement and gives approximately 25 centimeters, or nearly 10 inches.
Mayo Clinic estimates fetal weight at about 1,000 grams, or 2¼ pounds.
Eye Development at Pregnancy Week 28
Week 28 is a meaningful stage of fetal eye development.
Mayo Clinic states that the eyelids can now partially open.
ACOG similarly places opening and closing of the eyelids within Weeks 25 through 28.
The visual system itself continues developing, including the retina, optic pathways and areas of the brain involved in interpreting visual information.
The ability to open the eyelids should therefore not be confused with mature newborn vision.
Can a Fetus See Light at Pregnancy Week 28?
The original guide suggests shining something bright onto the abdomen to observe fetal light perception.
The eyes and visual pathways are developing, but current ACOG week-by-week guidance more clearly places light-change sensing during Weeks 29 through 32.
Mayo Clinic also describes the pupils changing size in response to light later, around Week 33.
For this reason, fetal vision should not be tested at home by shining an intense light on the abdomen.
Brain and Nervous System Development
The fetal nervous system continues developing throughout Week 28.
Mayo Clinic notes that the central nervous system can control body temperature and trigger breathing movements around this stage.
This represents increasing neurological coordination, but the brain and nervous system remain immature and will continue developing for many more weeks and after birth.
Breathing Movements at Pregnancy Week 28
Mayo Clinic identifies breathing movements as an important Week 28 development.
The central nervous system can trigger movements of the respiratory muscles.
These movements are developmental practice rather than actual air breathing.
The fetus continues receiving oxygen through placental circulation while inside the uterus.
Are the Fetal Lungs Mature at Week 28?
No.
ACOG describes the lungs during Weeks 25 through 28 as fully formed structurally but not yet ready to function independently outside the uterus.
The lungs continue producing surfactant, a substance that helps keep the tiny air sacs open once breathing begins after birth.
Substantial lung maturation continues throughout the third trimester.
Body Fat and Muscle Development at Week 28
The fetus continues becoming fuller as body fat accumulates.
ACOG notes that the skin begins looking smoother during Weeks 25 through 28 because of increasing fat beneath the skin.
Muscles and the musculoskeletal system also continue growing and are used during increasingly strong fetal movements.
The fetus remains considerably smaller and leaner than a full-term newborn.
Fetal Movement During Pregnancy Week 28
Fetal movement should be a familiar part of pregnancy for most people by Week 28.
You may notice kicks, stretches, rolling, turning and smaller rhythmic movements such as hiccups.
Movement does not need to feel identical every hour of every day.
What matters is learning your baby's usual individual activity pattern.
Pregnancy Week 28 Development Timeline
Week 28 marks the beginning of the final trimester.
The eyes can begin opening as ocular development continues.
Neurological control of several fetal functions becomes more sophisticated.
The central nervous system can trigger respiratory practice movements.
Surfactant production and structural development continue.
Additional fat gradually smooths the previously wrinkled skin.
Maternal Changes During Pregnancy Week 28
The third trimester can bring increasing physical discomfort as the uterus and fetus continue growing.
The NHS lists symptoms that can occur around Week 28 including heartburn, indigestion, sleeping problems, round ligament pain, hemorrhoids, leg cramps and swelling.
Back strain can also become increasingly noticeable as your center of gravity changes and your joints and ligaments remain more flexible.
Symptoms vary significantly, so not every pregnant person will experience all of these changes.
How Much Weight Should You Have Gained by Week 28?
There is no universal Week 28 requirement of 17 to 24 pounds.
ACOG states that healthy pregnancy weight gain depends in part on prepregnancy BMI.
For someone who began pregnancy at a healthy BMI, ACOG describes a general second- and third-trimester gain of around one-half to one pound per week.
ACOG's broader total-pregnancy guidance for someone beginning pregnancy at a normal weight is generally 25 to 35 pounds.
Different recommended ranges apply to people who were underweight, overweight or had obesity before pregnancy and to pregnancies involving multiples.
Leg Cramps at Pregnancy Week 28
Leg cramps can continue during the third trimester and are often more noticeable at night.
Gentle calf stretching, ankle movement and changing position may help when a simple muscle cramp occurs.
Regular movement and adequate hydration may also support general comfort.
Itchy Skin During Pregnancy Week 28
Mild itching can occur as skin stretches and pregnancy-related skin changes continue.
Fragrance-free moisturizers, mild soaps and cool compresses may help some types of ordinary dry or itchy skin.
However, significant itching should not automatically be assumed to come from stretching.
Severe Itching Without a Rash
ACOG describes intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, or ICP, as a liver condition that often begins during the third trimester.
Its main symptom is severe itching without a rash.
The itching commonly affects the palms of the hands and soles of the feet and can be worse at night.
Swelling at Pregnancy Week 28
The NHS notes that mild puffiness of the ankles, feet or face can occur during the third trimester, particularly in warm weather.
Fluid retention and pregnancy-related circulatory changes can contribute.
However, swelling also needs to be considered in the context of preeclampsia.
Preeclampsia Warning Symptoms
ACOG advises prompt medical assessment for symptoms such as:
Sudden or significant swelling can be more concerning than mild ankle puffiness.
A headache that does not go away can be a warning symptom.
Seeing spots, blurred vision or other visual changes need attention.
Pain in the upper abdomen or shoulder can occur with preeclampsia.
Heartburn and Indigestion at Pregnancy Week 28
Heartburn and indigestion can become more noticeable as the third trimester begins.
The NHS explains that both the growing pregnancy and hormonal effects on the digestive system can contribute.
Smaller meals and avoiding lying down immediately after eating may help some people.
If symptoms are persistent, ask your healthcare professional or pharmacist which pregnancy-safe treatment options are appropriate.
Hemorrhoids During Pregnancy Week 28
Hemorrhoids, also called piles, are enlarged blood vessels inside or around the rectum and anus.
They can occur during pregnancy and may cause itching, aching, swelling or bleeding after a bowel movement.
Constipation and pressure from the growing uterus can contribute.
Whole grains, fruit and vegetables can help keep stools softer and more regular.
Regular fluid intake can support bowel regularity.
Appropriate regular activity can help reduce constipation.
Straining during bowel movements can worsen hemorrhoids.
Possible Pregnancy Week 28 Symptoms
Body changes, movement, heartburn and bathroom visits can disrupt sleep.
Hormonal and physical changes can increase reflux and indigestion.
Muscle cramps can continue into the third trimester.
Mild fluid retention can affect the ankles and feet.
Skin stretching may cause mild itching, but severe itching needs assessment.
The growing abdomen can add strain to muscles, joints and ligaments.
Gestational Diabetes Screening at Week 28
Pregnancy Week 28 is at the end of the usual ACOG window for routine gestational diabetes screening.
ACOG states that glucose screening is generally performed between 24 and 28 weeks when earlier testing is not required.
The test evaluates how the body handles glucose during pregnancy.
A high screening result does not automatically establish a diagnosis; additional testing may be needed depending on the testing approach used.
Tdap Vaccination During the Third Trimester
ACOG's 2026 U.S. maternal immunization guidance recommends Tdap during every pregnancy between 27 and 36 weeks.
ACOG recommends administration as early as possible within that window when appropriate.
Vaccination during pregnancy helps maternal antibodies cross the placenta and protect the newborn during the first months of life.
Prenatal Care Around Pregnancy Week 28
As the third trimester begins, regular prenatal care continues to monitor maternal and fetal health.
Depending on your individual care plan, appointments may include:
Routine monitoring helps identify pregnancy-related hypertension.
Uterine growth may be followed using a clinical fundal-height measurement.
Week 28 may be the final part of the routine gestational diabetes screening window.
Your baby's usual pattern of movement may be discussed as pregnancy progresses.
Healthy Choices During Pregnancy Week 28
Eat a Balanced Diet
Choose a variety of vegetables, fruit, whole grains, protein foods and other nutrient-rich options that suit your individual nutritional needs.
Stay Hydrated
Drink regularly throughout the day and adjust fluid intake for activity level, climate and individual medical circumstances.
Stay Active When Appropriate
Regular pregnancy-appropriate physical activity can support mobility and general wellbeing in uncomplicated pregnancies.
Prioritize Rest
The NHS notes that tiredness and discomfort may become more noticeable as the third trimester begins.
Follow Your Medication Plan
Do not stop prescribed medicines or change supplements without discussing the change with your healthcare professional.
Pregnancy Week 28 and Your Estimated Due Date
Gestational age is conventionally calculated from the first day of the last menstrual period.
Our Pregnancy Due Date Calculator can help estimate your expected delivery date from relevant pregnancy dating information.
A due date remains an estimate rather than a guaranteed date of birth.
Clinical dating and ultrasound information may also be used by your healthcare professional when appropriate.
What Happens After Pregnancy Week 28?
During Pregnancy Week 29, fetal weight continues increasing.
Mayo Clinic notes that the fetus can kick, stretch and make grasping movements during Week 29.
ACOG places improved ability to sense changes in light within the Weeks 29 through 32 period.
The brain, lungs, nervous system, bones and other organs continue maturing as the third trimester progresses.
Pregnancy Tools You May Find Useful
Estimate an expected delivery date using relevant pregnancy dating information.
Estimate the current gestational week using an appropriate pregnancy starting date.
Estimate a possible conception date or range while recognizing natural biological variation.
See approximately how much estimated time remains until your expected due date.
When Professional Healthcare Guidance Is Important
Week-by-week pregnancy information is general education and cannot determine whether an individual pregnancy or fetus is developing normally.
Seek prompt medical assessment for heavy bleeding, possible fluid leakage, regular painful contractions, significant abdominal pain, fever, fainting or other symptoms that concern you.
Sudden swelling of the hands or face, a persistent headache, vision changes, upper abdominal or shoulder pain or difficulty breathing can be warning signs of preeclampsia.
Severe itching without a rash, especially on the palms or soles and worse at night, should also be assessed because it can occur with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
Pregnancy Week 28 FAQs
Does Pregnancy Week 28 start the third trimester?
Yes. ACOG defines the third trimester as beginning at 28 weeks and 0 days, making Pregnancy Week 28 the first week of the third trimester.
How big is the fetus at 28 weeks?
The NHS describes the fetus as around 37.6 centimeters from head to heel at Pregnancy Week 28. Mayo Clinic estimates about 1,000 grams or 2 1/4 pounds and around 25 centimeters crown-to-rump.
Can the fetus open its eyes at Week 28?
Yes. Mayo Clinic states that the eyelids can partially open at Pregnancy Week 28, while ACOG places opening and closing of the eyelids within Weeks 25 through 28.
Can a fetus see light through the abdomen at Week 28?
The visual system is still developing at Week 28. Current ACOG guidance more specifically places sensing changes in light within Weeks 29 through 32, so shining a bright light on the abdomen is not needed to test fetal vision.
How much weight should I have gained by Pregnancy Week 28?
There is no universal Week 28 target such as 17 to 24 pounds. Recommended pregnancy weight gain depends on prepregnancy BMI, whether you are carrying one fetus or multiples, and individual health circumstances.
Is swelling normal at Pregnancy Week 28?
Mild swelling of the feet or ankles can occur during pregnancy, but sudden swelling of the face or hands, especially with headache, vision changes, upper abdominal pain or difficulty breathing, needs prompt medical assessment.
Is itching normal at Pregnancy Week 28?
Mild itching can occur as the skin changes, but severe itching without a rash, particularly on the palms of the hands or soles of the feet and often worse at night, should be assessed because it can be a symptom of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
Are hemorrhoids common during Pregnancy Week 28?
Hemorrhoids can occur during pregnancy because enlarged blood vessels and constipation can affect the rectal area. Fiber, adequate fluids and avoiding straining may help, but pregnancy-safe treatments should be discussed with a healthcare professional.
Are leg cramps and heartburn common at Week 28?
Yes. Leg cramps, heartburn and indigestion can occur during the third trimester, although symptoms vary between pregnancies.
What happens during Pregnancy Week 29?
During Pregnancy Week 29, the fetus continues gaining weight and can kick, stretch and make grasping movements while the brain, lungs and other organs continue maturing.
Medical References and Further Reading
The updated Week 28 information uses established medical and public-health guidance to provide current context alongside your original material.
Mayo Clinic:
Fetal Development: The Third Trimester
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists:
How Your Fetus Grows During Pregnancy
ACOG:
Changes During Pregnancy
ACOG:
How Much Weight Should I Gain During Pregnancy?
ACOG:
Skin Conditions During Pregnancy
ACOG:
Preeclampsia and High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy
ACOG:
Routine Tests During Pregnancy
ACOG:
2026 Maternal Immunization Schedule
NHS:
Piles in Pregnancy
Next: Pregnancy Week 29
During Pregnancy Week 29, fetal weight continues increasing and the fetus can kick, stretch and make grasping movements while third- trimester brain, lung and sensory development continues.
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